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Operation Surya Hope
Operation Surya Hope is the name that Indian Army’s Central Command gave to its response in Uttarakhand following the June 2013 North India floods. The Uttarakhand flood was caused by record unseasonal monsoon rains, cloud burst, floods, flash floods, and, possibly, climate change induced glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The humanitarian disaster affected millions, stranded over 100,000 pilgrims and tourist in Himalayan religious sites, and killed several thousand people.
Operation Surya Hope was conducted by Indian Army's Lucknow based Central Command. Surya or Sun, is the emblem of the Central Command, and features prominently on the Command's formation sign, and flag, which is probably why Central Command chose to name Indian Army's largest ever humanitarian mission as Operation Surya Hope. Operation Surya Hope is a successor to Operation Ganga Prahar. Operation Surya Hope was commanded by Lieutenant General Anil Chait, General Officer Commanding in Chief (GOC in C) Central Command.〔 He was succeeded by Lieutenant General Rajan Bakhshi, on 1 July 2013. Bakhshi soon after assuming command said that the Army will continue with the relief operations and that he would soon visit Uttarakhand. Over 10,000 troops participated in Operation Surya Hope. It was conducted in tandem with the response by Indian Air Force (IAF) (Operation Rahat), the Border Road Organization, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and other para military forces under the Ministry of Home.
The floods and landslides in Uttarakhand, the worst natural disaster in the area in a hundred years, has been called a Himalayan Tsunami by the Government of India.〔http://reliefweb.int/report/india/himalaya-tsunami-creates-havoc-north-india-death-toll-crosses-1000〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYlNC55PXTE&feature=youtube_gdata_player. )〕 According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), the total rainfall in Uttarakhand in the period from 1 to 18 June 2013 was 385.1 mm, which was the highest in the last 80 years. The normal rainfall during this period is 71.3 mm, indicating that rainfall was 440% above the normal.〔
== Early Warning (EW) ==
India has an elaborate multi-tier and multi-agency natural disaster and flood EW system, both at the Central and the State levels. Federal nodal agencies responsible for providing EW are : () Floods -Central Water Commission () Landslide hazard – Geological Survey of India (GSI) () Avalanche – Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) () Disaster Management Support (DMS) – Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), and () Weather- Indian Metrological Department (IMD). None of these agencies except the Indian Meteorological Department is known to have provided EW of the Himalayan Tsunami that struck Uttarakhand in June 2013. The Central Water Commission, under the Union Ministry of Water Resources, which has a dysfunctional web site, made its first flood forecast for the year for Uttarakhand after the event on 18 June for Rishikesh and Haridwar. Even the warning by the IMD of unseasonal rain and snow in the upper reaches of the Himalayas, the impending floods, and the recommendation to move people to safer places, had little effect. Neither the State government, which is primarily responsible for Disaster Management, or the Central Government and its various agencies paid attention to the early warning. No warning or advisory was issued by the State Government to the resident of affected areas or the more vulnerable pilgrims in their tens of thousands in the path of the Uttarakhand Tsunami. Uttarakhand Chief Secretary Subhash Kumar dismissed the IMD warning and advisory as routine.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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